![]() He expanded and consolidated the railway system throughout the nation and modernized the banking system. Napoleon III commissioned a grand reconstruction of Paris carried out by the man he appointed as prefect of the Seine, Baron Georges-Eugène Haussmann. He expanded the French overseas empire and made the French merchant navy the second largest in the world, engaged in the Second Italian War of Independence as well as the disastrous Franco-Prussian War, in which he commanded his soldiers during the fight and was captured. Napoleon III was a popular monarch, who oversaw the modernization of the French economy and filled Paris with new boulevards and parks. He founded the Second Empire, reigning until the defeat of the French Army and his capture by Prussia and its allies at the Battle of Sedan in 1870. ![]() ![]() Elected to the presidency of the Second Republic in 1848, he seized power by force in 1851, when he could not constitutionally be reelected he later proclaimed himself Emperor of the French. ![]() A nephew of Napoleon I, he was the last monarch to rule over France. Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte 20 April 1808 – 9 January 1873) was the first President of France (as Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte) from 1848 to 1852 and the last monarch of France as Emperor of the French from 1852 to 1870.
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